Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak was an Indian nationalist, teacher, social reformer, lawyer and freedom fighter. He was the first popular mass leader of the Indian freedom struggle, hence he also got the title of Lokmanya! He was the strongest advocate of Swaraj! His slogan given in Marathi language “Swarajya ha majha janmasidh hakk ahe aani to mi mivanarach” (Swaraj is my birthright and I will have it) became very famous. He was the first to demand Purna Swaraj.
Personal life:
Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak was born on 23 July 1856 in a Brahmin family in Chikhali village of Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra. His original name was Keshav Gangadhar Tilak. His father Shri Gangadhar Ramchandra Tilak was a very popular teacher of his time. When Tilak was 16 years old, his father died in 1872. In 1876, he passed the B.O (Hons) examination from Deccan College. Passed the LLB examination from Bombay University in 1879. Read More: Thoughts and Biography of Atal Bihari Vajpayee
After which he had decided that he would not do a government job, instead he would work to improve the level of education in India. He taught mathematics in schools and colleges for some time. Then he established the Deccan Education Society to give good and cheap education to the new generation. He brought out two daily papers in English language under the name Maratha Darpan and in 1881 AD in Maratha language named Kesari. He had to go to jail several times because of his articles published in Kesari.
political life :
He joined the Congress in 1890, but he was not satisfied with the attitude of the moderates of the Congress. He was the leader of the Congress party and started speaking against the moderates. For this reason, in 1907, the Congress was divided into two factions, the Extremist Party and the Moderate Dal. Lokmanya Tilak was accompanied by Lala Lajpat Rai , Bipin Chandra Pal in the Garam Dal, these three came to be known as Lal Bal Pal.
In 1908, he supported the bomb attack of Prafulla Chaki and Khudiram Bose. Due to this, he was arrested and sentenced to 6 years imprisonment and sent to Mandalay jail. In this jail, he wrote a book called Gita Rahasya. His wife died during his imprisonment. He was very sad that he could not even have the last glimpse of his wife.
After coming out of jail, in 1916, he along with Annie Besant founded the All India Home Rule League. Bal Gangadhar Tilak got a lot of fame during the Home Rule Movement, due to which he got the title of “Lokmanya”. The main objective of this movement was to establish Swaraj in India. It was not like any Satyagraha movement. In this, groups of four or five people were made, who used to meet big politicians and lawyers all over India to explain the meaning of Home Rule League. He was the first to raise the demand for Purna Swaraj during the British Raj.
Lokmanya Tilak started celebrating Ganesh Utsav and Shivaji Utsav throughout the week in Maharashtra to complete the program of public awareness. Through these festivals, the courage of the people to fight against the patriotism and injustices of the British was instilled in the public. He died on 1 August 1920 in Bombay. Paying posthumous tributes, Gandhiji called him the architect of modern India and Nehru the father of the Indian revolution.
Life introduction :
| Date of Birth / Death : | 23 July 1856 / 1 August 1920 |
| Nickname : | Lokmanya |
| Full Name / Real Name : | Bal Gangadhar Tilak / Keshav Gangadhar Tilak |
| Place of Birth : | Chikhli, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra |
| Citizenship / Nationality: | Indian |
| Home Town : | Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India |
| Religion / Caste : | Hindu / Brahmin |
| Education / Educational Qualification : | B.A., L.L.B |
| School / School : | not known |
| College / University : | Deccan College / Bombay University |
| Profession / Occupation : | teacher, lawyer |
| Marital Status : | married |
| Wife : | Satyabhama Bai Tilak |
| Parents : | Father – Shri Gangadhar Ramchandra Tilak, Mother – Parvati Bai Gangadhar |
Some of the major works of Lokmanya Tilak are as follows:
- Gita Rahasya written on the interpretation of Shrimad Bhagwat Gita (from Mandalay Jail)
- The Orion (‘The Orion’ – Judgment of the Vedas)
- Tilak Panchang Method
- The Hindu Philosophy of Life, Ethics and Religion
- The Arctic Home in The Vedas
- Vedic Chronology & Vedang Jyotish
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